Accessories for removing bone material and method for making same

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns an accessory for removing material, in particular a file ( 3 ) or a cutting block, for prosthesis implantation surgery, in particular for hip or knee prostheses. The invention is characterised in that it comprises at least partly one plastic part and at least one insert ( 4, 10, 5 ) made of a material harder than the bone material, in particular of metal, which is fixed to the plastic material such that if the device is brought to a temperature Ti, the insert is separated from the plastic material.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/534,567 filed on May 12, 2005, which claims priority from prior PCTApplication No. PCT/FR2003/003374 filed on Nov. 14, 2003, and FrenchPatent Application No. FR 02/14638 filed on Nov. 22, 2002, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to instruments or ancillaries used to removebones for hip or knee prosthetic surgery and in particular to a rasp forfitting a hip prosthesis and to a cutting unit for fitting a kneeprosthesis. This invention also relates to a surgeon's ancillary kit,notably for fitting a hip prosthesis comprising a rasp according to theinvention and/or for fitting a knee prosthesis comprising a cutting unitaccording to the invention.

BACKGROUND ART

Rasps, cutting units and other ancillaries for removing bones arewell-known in the field. These ancillaries must be hard enough andsufficiently resistant to wear to be able to attack bone and withstandthe heavy pressures resulting from the action of a blade with which theycooperate on bone. To date, metals have always been used, which aresufficiently resistant to wear to attack the bone. What is more, theycan be reused after re-sterilisation in the autoclave.

However, these ancillaries are expensive to produce due to the materialused and the manufacturing method (machining). In addition, for reasonsof patient safety, it is not desirable for a rasp or a cutting unit ofthis kind to be reused a second time by a surgeon after he has himselfcarried out further sterilisation, particularly because of the riskassociated with infections such as Kreuzfeld Jakob disease.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by offeringan ancillary for removing bone, for surgery to fit a prosthesis, notablya rasp for fitting a hip prosthesis and/or a cutting unit for fitting aknee prosthesis, which may be simpler to manufacture, less expensive andbetter suited to producing single-use ancillaries.

When the ancillary is thus heated in an autoclave for example, to tryand “re-sterilise” it at a Ti temperature of 137° for example, the metalinserts irreversibly come away from the body and the ancillary can nolonger be used. We can therefore be sure that a new, well-sterilisedancillary will have to be used for a future operation.

By making these ancillaries largely in plastic, the manufacturingprocess is greatly facilitated (an injection moulding process is nowpossible) and the cost of the material is reduced. It was thought untilnow that plastic was not a suitable material for manufacturing theseancillaries, both for reasons of hardness and because it was thoughtpreferable to be able to reuse the ancillary. However, as the plasticused is hard enough, it will be suitable for removing bone andwithstanding the pressures associated with the action of a blade on thebone. In addition, by producing the ancillary in plastic, there aregreater capacities for manufacturing a single-use, so-called“disposable” ancillary.

As a result of an improvement to the invention, the hardness of theplastic is chosen close to the bone hardness, for example between 5 and30% higher.

By producing the rasp or cutting unit in this material therefore, wemake sure that the ancillary can only be used for a single operationsince the material rapidly wears out during the operation to the extentthat the ancillary has deteriorated too much by the end of the operationto be able to be reused for another operation.

As a result of an improvement to the invention, the plastic is chosen sothat it deteriorates at or above a Ti temperature between 50° C. and200° C., preferably between 70° C. and 150° C., specifically at or abovea temperature equal to 137° C. We can then be sure that if the surgeoncarries out sterilisation by autoclave, notably sterilisation at orbelow 137° C. to ensure that all the prions are fully removed, he willsee his cutting unit or rasp deteriorating and will no longer be able touse them.

The initial sterilisation is actually carried out by exposure to γ or βrays. It can only be done once. A second exposure actually degrades theplastic due to the development of free radicals. The only way until now,therefore, of re-sterilising after initial use was to put the itemthrough an autoclave. As a result of this improvement, this is no longerpossible since the ancillary in the autoclave deteriorates andself-destructs. The ancillary can thus no longer be reused legally,although the surgeon can always reuse the ancillary withoutre-sterilising, but at is his own professional risk, of course.

According to a preferred production method, the plastic is athermoplastic material, notably a polyvinyl, polyolefin, polyamide orsimilar material and it deteriorates in particular due to softening.

These materials are structurally not very solid. Nevertheless, they areperfectly well suited for use as a rasp or cutting unit for removingbone, which on the face of it may seem surprising, since one couldexpect that a rasp or a cutting unit would be produced in a materialthat has a certain hardness and a certain stress resistance. Ittranspires, however, that this rasp or cutting unit, which is made atleast in part of a thermoplastic material, is perfectly well suited foruse. In addition, since the thermoplastic material deteriorates due tosoftening at 137° C., and even at a temperature below 137° C., we can becertain that the surgeon will not be able to reuse these ancillaries.Finally, as they are largely plastic, they are inexpensive and cantherefore be produced on a large scale and disposed of without involvingvery high running costs.

The aim of this invention is also a surgeon's kit for fittingprostheses, notably hip or knee prostheses, comprising a rasp accordingto the invention and other ancillaries also in plastic, or a kitcomprising a cutting unit according to the invention and one or moreother ancillaries also in plastic, the kit being vacuum packed or packedin a sterile atmosphere.

As a result of an improvement to the invention, the ancillary comprisesat least one insert in an appreciably harder material than the plastic,metal for example, the insert being at least partly embedded in theplastic and in direct contact with the plastic.

When the plastic, for example, thus softens (as in the case ofthermoplastic) or deteriorates due to decomposition (thermosettingplastic), contact with the insert is broken and the latter can notablybreak away from the body of the ancillary or assume a non-operationalposition and the ancillary becomes unusable.

As a result of an improvement to the invention, the ancillary comprisesone part in a shape memory material harder than the plastic, the shapememory material taking an initial shape above a given Ti temperature,and a second shape below this given Ti temperature, the initial shapebeing such that when the temperature exceeds Ti and the material takeson this initial shape by itself, the ancillary is then at least partlydestroyed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a rasp according to the invention for cutting a bone to fita hip prosthetic.

FIG. 2 shows a cutting unit for cutting a bone of the femur or tibia.

FIG. 3 shows a kit according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an alternative to the unit in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative to the rasp in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 shows an acetabulum drill according to the invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a rasp 1 for a hip prosthesis. It consists of a curved,cylindrical grab handle 2 and of a part 3 of a rasp spiked withprotrusions for rubbing the bone to reduce it to powder.

Rasp part 3 is locked at one end of handle 2 by a locking system.

Rasp part 3 is made of plastic, notably low or high-density polyethylene(LDPE, HDPE), polypropylene, polyacetal, PVC, etc.

LDPE softens at 104° C. and melts at 108-120° C., its Shore D hardnessbeing 45-55.

The HDPE softens at 123-127° C. and melts at 125-135° C., its Shore Dhardness being equal to 65-70.

PP softens at 149° C. and melts at 170° C., at a Shore D hardness of 80.

Handle 2 is made of plastic, for example HDPE.

According to another form of construction shown in the Figure, theprotrusions of rasp part 3 are formed by inserts 4 in a harder material,notably metal, which protrude from the plastic, being largely embeddedin it.

To form rasp 3, a cast is taken by pouring or injection into a mould,inserts 4 being positioned prior to injection in the position they arerequired to have in the final volume of plastic, then the plastic ispoured into the mould and left to cool to produce the final rasp.

The inserts also increase the rasp's rigidity. When the rasp is placedin an autoclave for further sterilisation, the plastic softens above theTi and the inserts come away from the plastic. The rasp can no longer beused. if the rasp has no inserts (the protrusions are made of plasticthat is harder than the bone), the rasp is also unusable, theprotrusions tending to disappear when the plastic softens.

According to another form of the invention, rasp 3 is formed by pouringor injecting the plastic, at least partly, and preferably completely,coating a rod 5 in a harder material, notably a shape memory metal.Before pouring the plastic, the rod is heated to a high temperature(above Te, which is lower than) 137° and assigned a given shape, bentback into a U for example, so that when rod 5 changes shape to take thegiven shape in question, it breaks its surrounding material, notably aplastic, which is softer, and the rasp is unusable.

FIG. 2 shows a cutting unit 6 for a knee prosthesis. This unit 6consists of a box-shaped body 7 drilled with two holes 8 for fixing byscrew to the bone to be cut and comprises two horizontal slots 9 and twosloping slots 11, through which cutting blades can be inserted toresection bones for installing the prosthesis, slots 9 and/or 11 beingchosen according to the angle of attack of the cut required.

The cutting unit is made of plastic, notably LDPE, HDPE, PP or similar.

It is formed by injection moulding. Metal inserts with or without shapememory and at least partly embedded in the plastic mass can be used inthe same way as for the rasp described above. As can be seen in FIG. 4,metal inserts 10 in the form of flexes are arranged on both sides of theopenings of slots 9 and 11 to support the blades inserted into the slotsduring their cutting action on the bone.

FIG. 3 shows a tray vacuum-packed with a plastic film sealed at theedges of the tray. Several disposable ancillaries are packed in thistray, some or preferably all of which are partly or entirely made of oneor more materials that deteriorate above a Ti temperature between 50° C.and 200° C., preferably between 70° C. and 150° C. and specifically ator above 137° C.

Bone hardness depends on the application, the patient and notably on hisor her age. An appropriate plastic will be chosen according to the enduse of each ancillary and to whether it is used, for example, to attackthe (softer) spongy or (harder) cortical bone.

FIG. 6 shows a rasp for acetabulum or drill 20 with acetabulum.

Drill 20 consists of a rod 21 and a hemispherical head 22. Metal blades23 are embedded in the plastic mass of head 22 and protrude from it asribs for attacking the bone. Ribs 23 in plastic that is harder than thebone can also be formed in place of the blades by pouring into asuitable mould, that is, one with grooves corresponding to the ribs.

What is claimed is:
 1. An acetabulum drill for drilling into theacetabulum comprising a rod; a head projecting from said rod and beingdelimited by an inner surface adjacent said rod and an outer surface onthe side opposite said rod; and bone attacking ribs projecting from saidouter surface, wherein said head is made of a mass of plastic material,and said bone attacking ribs are made in a material harder than theacetabulum, said head having no through hole extending between saidinner and outer surfaces.
 2. The acetabulum drill of claim 1, whereinmetal blades are embedded in the plastic mass of the head and protrudetherefrom as said bone attacking ribs.
 3. The acetabulum drill of claim1, wherein said bone attacking ribs are made in a plastic material. 4.The acetabulum drill of claim 3, wherein said bone attacking ribs areformed by pouring in a mould comprising grooves corresponding to thebone attacking ribs.
 5. The acetabulum drill of claim 1, wherein saidhead is hemispherical.
 6. The acetabulum drill of claim 1, wherein saidacetabulum drill has been initially exposed to beta or gamma rays. 7.The acetabulum drill of claim 3, wherein said acetabulum drill has beeninitially exposed to beta or gamma rays.